The Tradition of the Three Wise Men

The Tradition of the Three Wise Men

The tradition of the Three Wise Men has its roots in the biblical account from the Gospel of Matthew, which mentions wise men from the East who followed a star to Bethlehem to pay homage to the newborn Jesus. Although their number and names are not specified in the Bible, later Christian tradition identified them as three kings: Melchior, Caspar, and Balthazar. Each symbolizes one of the known continents of the time: Europe, Asia, and Africa.

• Melchior: Represents Europe and symbolizes maturity and wisdom. His gift was gold, associated with royalty and the royal nature of Jesus.
• Caspar: Represents Asia and embodies youth and purity. His gift was incense, symbolizing the divine nature of the newborn.
• Balthazar: Represents Africa and personifies old age and experience. His gift was myrrh, a symbol of mortality, despite Jesus' divine nature.

According to an apocryphal legend, there was a fourth king named Artaban, who also wished to honor the Messiah. He carried pearls as his offering but was delayed as he helped those in need along the way, never reaching Bethlehem. This story highlights the value of compassion.

Current Tradition and Celebration

The Feast of the Three Wise Men is celebrated on January 6th in countries such as Spain, Mexico, Argentina, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Colombia. In these nations, the tradition is deeply rooted, emphasizing gift-giving and family celebrations.

In Spain, the highlight is the traditional Cabalgata on the evening of January 5th, a parade where the Three Kings, accompanied by their royal pages, march through the streets throwing candies. The Three Wise Men visit the homes of children around the world on the night of January 5th, leaving gifts for those who have been good and sweet coal for those who have been naughty.

On January 6th, families enjoy a special treat called the Roscón de Reyes, a sweet bread containing two surprises: a figurine of one of the kings and a bean. The person who finds the figurine is crowned king of the party, while the one who finds the bean must pay for the Roscón.

The celebration of the Three Wise Men marks the end of Christmas festivities in Spain, undoubtedly the most magical holiday for both children and adults.